Evolve plan with appropriate variations each of which correspond to probable or possible actions. Employ Intelligence/Recce units (spies, agents, cavalry, etc.) in predetermined directions to eliminate or confirm hypotheses concerning enemy actions thereby reduce uncertainty and simplify own plans as well as uncover adversary plans and intentions.

Generate misinformation, devise stratagems, and alter composition of major formations to confuse and baffle enemy agents, spies, etc. Employ screens of cavalry, infantry, or both and make use of natural features such as terrain, weather, and darkness to mask dispositions and cloak movements against enemy observation.

Expand then contract intervals between force components in an irregular and rapid fashion to cloud/distort strategic penetration maneuvers yet quickly focus tactical effort for a convergent blow at the decisive point.

Seize initiative at the outset by attacking enemy with an ever-shifting kaleidoscope of (strategic) moves and diversions in order to upset his actions and unsettle his plans thereby psychologically unbalance him and keep initiative throughout.

• Employ fraction of force to hold or divert adversary attention—by feints, demonstrations, pinning maneuvers, etc.
• Exploit “exterior maneuvers” against exposed flanks or “interior maneuvers” thru a weak front to place (bulk of) forces in adversary’s flank and rear.